This is a list of operating systems. Computer operating systems can be categorized by technology, ownership, licensing, working state, usage, and by many other characteristics. In practice, many of these groupings may overlap. Criteria for inclusion is notability, as shown either through an existing Wikipedia article or citation to a reliable source.
magnussoft ZETA (based on BeOS r5.1d0 source code, developed by yellowTAB)
Bell Labs
Unix ("Ken's new system," for its creator (Ken Thompson), officially Unics and then Unix, the prototypic operating system created in Bell Labs in 1969 that formed the basis for the Unix family of operating systems)
UNIX Time-Sharing System v1
UNIX Time-Sharing System v2
UNIX Time-Sharing System v3
UNIX Time-Sharing System v4
UNIX Time-Sharing System v5
UNIX Time-Sharing System v6
MINI-UNIX
PWB/UNIX
USG
CB Unix
UNIX Time-Sharing System v7 (It is from Version 7 Unix (and, to an extent, its descendants listed below) that almost all Unix-based and Unix-like operating systems descend.)
Unix System III
Unix System IV
Unix System V
Unix System V Releases 2.0, 3.0, 3.2, 4.0, and 4.2
Chromium OS is an open source operating system development version of Chrome OS. Both operating systems are based on the Linux kernel.
Chrome OS is designed to work exclusively with web applications. Announced on July 7, 2009, Chrome OS is currently publicly available and was released summer 2011. The Chrome OS source code was released on November 19, 2009, under the BSD license as Chromium OS.
Container-Optimized OS (COS) is an operating system that is optimized for running Docker containers, based on Chromium OS.[3]
Android is an operating system for mobile devices. It consists of Android Runtime (userland) with Linux (kernel), with its Linux kernel modified to add drivers for mobile device hardware and to remove unused Vanilla Linux drivers.
gLinux, a Linux distribution that Google uses internally
Fuchsia is a capability-based, real-time, operating system (RTOS) scalable to universal devices, in early development, from the tiniest embedded hardware, wristwatches, tablets to the largest personal computers. Unlike Chrome OS and Android, it is not based on the Linux kernel, but instead began on a new microkernel called "Zircon", derived from "Little Kernel".
Vulcan O/S – Proprietary O/S for Harris' Computer Systems (HCX)
Harris UNIX – Proprietary UNIX based OS for Harris' Computers (MCX)
Heathkit, Zenith Data Systems
HDOS – ran on the H8 and Heath/Zenith Z-89 series
HT-11 – a modified version of RT-11 that ran on the Heathkit H11
Hewlett-Packard
HP Multi-Programming Executive (MPE, MPE/XL, and MPE/iX) – runs on HP 3000 and HP e3000 mini-computers
HP-UX – runs on HP9000 and Itanium servers (from small to mainframe-class computers)
NonStop OS – runs on HP's NonStop line of Itanium servers
Honeywell
CP-6
Huawei
Harmony OS
LiteOS
Intel Corporation
iRMX – real-time operating system originally created to support the Intel 8080 and 8086 processor families in embedded applications.
ISIS, ISIS-II – "Intel Systems Implementation Supervisor" was an environment for development of software within the Intel microprocessor family in the early 1980s on their Intellec Microcomputer Development System and clones. ISIS-II worked with 8 inch floppy disks and had an editor, cross-assemblers, a linker, an object locator, debugger, compilers for PL/M, a BASIC interpreter, etc. and allowed file management through a console.
OS/360 (first official OS targeted for the System/360 architecture)
PCP (Primary Control Program, a kernel and a ground breaking automatic space allocating file system)
MFT (original Multi-programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, replaced by MFT II)
MFT II (Multi-Programming with a Fixed number of Tasks, had up to 15 fixed size application partitions, plus partitions for system tasks, initially defined at boot time but redefinable by operator command)
MVT (Multi-Programming Variable Tasks, had up to 15 application regions defined dynamically, plus additional regions for system tasks)
OS/VS (port of OS/360 targeted for the System/370 virtual memory architecture, "OS/370" is not correct name for OS/VS1 and OS/VS2, but rather refers to OS/VS2 MVS and MVS/SP Version 1), Customer installations in the following variations:
SVS (Single Virtual Storage, both VS1 & VS2 began as SVS systems)
OS/VS1 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 1, Virtual-memory version of MFT II)
OS/VS2 (Operating System/Virtual Storage 2, Virtual-memory version of OS/MVT but without multiprocessing support)
OS/VS2 R2 (called Multiple Virtual Storage, MVS, eliminated most need for VS1)
MVS/ESA (MVS supported Enterprise System Architecture, horizontal addressing extensions: data only address spaces called Dataspaces; a Unix environment was available starting with MVS/ESA V4R3)
OS/390 (Upgrade from MVS, with an additional Unix environment)
BOS/360 (early interim version of DOS/360, briefly available at a few Alpha & Beta System/360 sites)
TOS/360 (similar to BOS above and more fleeting, able to boot and run from 2x00 series tape drives)
DOS/360 (Disk Operating System (DOS), multi-programming system with up to 3 partitions, first commonly available OS for System/360)
DOS/360/RJE (DOS/360 with a control program extension that provided for the monitoring of remote job entry hardware (card reader & printer) connected by dedicated phone lines)
DOS/VS (First DOS offered on System/370 systems, provided virtual storage)
DOS/VSE (also known as VSE, upgrade of DOS/VS, up to 14 fixed size processing partitions )
VSE/SP (program product replacing DOS/VSE and VSE/AF)
VSE/ESA (DOS/VSE extended virtual memory support to 32-bit addresses (Extended System Architecture)).
z/VSE (latest version of the four decades old DOS lineage, supports 64-bit addresses, multiprocessing, multiprogramming, SNA, TCP/IP, and some virtual machine features in support of Linux workloads)
CP/CMS (Control Program/Cambridge Monitor System) and successors on IBM S/360, S/370, and successor mainframes
MTS (Michigan Terminal System, developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for the IBM System/360 Model 67, System/370 series, and compatible mainframes)
RTOS/360 (IBM's Real Time Operating System, ran on 5 NASA custom System/360-75s)[4]
NetWare – network operating system providing high-performance network services. Has been superseded by Open Enterprise Server line, which can be based on NetWare or Linux to provide the same set of services.
UnixWare
Novell "SuperNOS" – a never released merge of NetWare and UnixWare
Novell "Corsair"
Novell "Exposé"
Open Enterprise Server – the successor to NetWare
Quadros Systems
RTXC Quadros RTOS – proprietary C-based RTOS used in embedded systems
RCA
Time Sharing Operating System (TSOS) – first OS supporting virtual addressing of the main storage and support for both timeshare and batch interface
RoweBots
DSPnano RTOS – 8/16 Bit Ultra Tiny Embedded Linux Compatible RTOS
Samsung Electronics
Bada
Tizen is an operating system based on the Linux kernel, a project within the Linux Foundation and is governed by a Technical Steering Group (TSG) while controlled by Samsung and backed by Intel. Tizen works on a wide range of Samsung devices including smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, PCs and wearable.
Xenix, Unix System III based distribution for the Intel 8086/8088 architecture
Xenix 286, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80286 architecture
Xenix 386, Unix System V Release 2 based distribution for the Intel 80386 architecture
SCO Unix, SCO UNIX System V/386 was the first volume commercial product licensed by AT&T to use the UNIX System trademark (1989). Derived from AT&T System V Release 3.2 with an infusion of Xenix device drivers and utilities plus most of the SVR4 features
SCO Open Desktop, the first 32-bit graphical user interface for UNIX Systems running on Intel processor-based computers. Based on SCO Unix
SCO OpenServer 5, AT&T UNIX System V Release 3 based
SCO OpenServer 6, SVR5 (UnixWare 7) based kernel with SCO OpenServer 5 application and binary compatibility, system administration, and user environments
UnixWare
UnixWare 2.x, based on AT&T System V Release 4.2MP
UnixWare 7, UnixWare 2 kernel plus parts of 3.2v5 (UnixWare 2 + OpenServer 5 = UnixWare 7). Referred to by SCO as SVR5
Scientific Data Systems (SDS)
Berkeley Timesharing System for the SDS 940
SYSGO
PikeOS – a certified real time operating system for safety and security critical embedded systems
Tandy Corporation
TRSDOS – A floppy-disk-oriented OS supplied by Tandy/Radio Shack for their TRS-80 Z80-based line of personal computers. Eventually renamed as LS-DOS or LDOS.
Color BASIC – A ROM-based OS created by Microsoft for the TRS-80 Color Computer.[citation needed]
NewDos/80 – A third-party OS for Tandy's TRS-80 personal computers.
DeskMate – Operating system created by Tandy Corporation and introduced with the Tandy 1000 computer.[citation needed]
TCSC (later NCSC)
Edos – enhanced version of IBM's DOS/360 (and later DOS/VS and DOS/VSE) operating system for System/360 and System/370 IBM mainframes
Texas Instruments
TI-RTOS Kernel – Real-time operating system for TI's embedded devices.
WPS Wang Word Processing System. Micro-code based system.
OIS Wang Office Information System. Successor to the WPS. Combined the WPS and VP/MVP systems.
Wind River Systems
VxWorks – Small footprint, scalable, high-performance RTOS for embedded microprocessor based systems.[6]
Zilog
Z80-RIO
Zorin Group
Zorin OS
Other
Lisp-based
Lisp Machines, Inc. (also known as LMI) used an operating system written in MIT's Lisp Machine Lisp.
Symbolics Genera written in a systems dialect of the Lisp programming language called ZetaLisp and Symbolics Common Lisp. Genera was ported to a virtual machine for the DEC Alpha line of computers.
MAI Basic Four – An OS implementing Business Basic from MAI Systems.
Michigan Terminal System – Developed by a group of universities in the US, Canada, and the UK for use on the IBM System/360 Model 67, the System/370 series, and compatible mainframes
MUSIC/SP – an operating system developed for the S/370, running normally under VM
OS ES – an operating system for ES EVM
PC-MOS/386 – DOS-like, but multiuser/multitasking
Prolog-Dispatcher – used to control Soviet Buran space ship.
SINTRAN III – an operating system used with Norsk Data computers.
QNX (POSIX, microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS)
Rhapsody (an early form of Mac OS X)
RISC iX – derived from BSD 4.3, by Acorn computers, for their ARM family of machines
RISC/os (a port by MIPS Technologies of 4.3BSD for its MIPS-based computers)
RMX
SCO UNIX (from SCO, bought by Caldera who renamed themselves SCO Group)
SINIX (a port by SNI of Unix to the MIPS architecture)
Solaris (from Sun, bought by Oracle; a System V-based replacement for SunOS)
SunOS (BSD-based Unix system used on early Sun hardware)
SUPER-UX (a port of System V Release 4.2MP with features adopted from BSD and Linux for NEC SX architecture supercomputers)
System V (a release of AT&T Unix, 'SVR4' was the 4th minor release)
System V/AT, 386 (The first version of AT&T System V UNIX on the IBM 286 and 386 PCs, ported and sold by Microport)
Trusted Solaris (Solaris with kernel and other enhancements to support multilevel security)
UniFLEX (Unix-like OS from TSC for DMA-capable, extended addresses, Motorola 6809 based computers; e.g. SWTPC, GIMIX and others)
Unicos (the version of Unix designed for Cray Supercomputers, mainly geared to vector calculations)
UTX-32 (Developed by Gould CSD (Computer System Division), a Unix-based OS that included both BSD and System V characteristics. It was one of the first Unix based systems to receive NSA's C2 security level certification.)[citation needed]
Zenix, Zenith corporations Unix (a popular USA electronics maker at the time)[citation needed]
Non-proprietary
Unix or Unix-like
MINIX (study OS developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the Netherlands)
BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution, a variant of Unix for DECVAX hardware)
FreeBSD (one of the outgrowths of UC Regents' abandonment of CSRG's 'BSD Unix')
illumos, contains original Unix (SVR4) code derived from the OpenSolaris (discontinued by Oracle in favor of Solaris 11 Express)
OpenIndiana, operates under the illumos Foundation. Uses the illumos kernel, which is a derivative of OS/Net, which is basically an OpenSolaris/Solaris kernel with the bulk of the drivers, core libraries, and basic utilities.
Nexenta OS, based on the illumos kernel with Ubuntu packages
SmartOS, an illumos distribution for cloud computing with Kernel-based Virtual Machine integration.
RTEMS (Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems)
Syllable Desktop
VSTa
Plurix (or Tropix[12]) (By Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ)
TUNIS (University of Toronto)
Non-Unix
Cosmos – written in C#
FreeDOS – open source DOS variant
Genode – operating system framework for microkernels (written in C++)
Ghost OS – written in Assembly, C/C++
Haiku (open source inspired by BeOS, under development)
ITS – written by MIT students (for the PDP-6 and PDP-10) (written in MIDAS)
ReactOS – open source OS designed to be binary compatible with Windows NT and its variants (Windows XP, Windows 2000, etc.); currently in development phase
Visopsys – written by Andy McLaughlin (written in C and Assembly)
Research
Unix or Unix-like
Plan 9 from Bell Labs – distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on original Unix design principles yet functionally different and going much further
Inferno – distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs
THE multiprogramming system – by Dijkstra in 1968, at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, introduced the first form of software-based memory segmentation, freeing programmers from being forced to use actual physical locations
Thoth – realtime, multiprocess message-passing system developed at the University of Waterloo.
86-DOS (developed at Seattle Computer Products by Tim Paterson for the new Intel 808x CPUs; licensed to Microsoft, became PC DOS/MS-DOS. Also known by its working title QDOS.)
PC DOS (IBM's DOS variant, developed jointly with Microsoft, versions 1.0–7.0, 2000, 7.10)
MS-DOS (Microsoft's DOS variant for OEM, developed jointly with IBM, versions 1.x–6.22 Microsoft's now abandoned DOS variant)
Concurrent CP/M-86 3.1 (BDOS 3.1) with PC-MODE (Digital Research's successor of CP/M-86 and MP/M-86)
Concurrent DOS 3.1-4.1 (BDOS 3.1-4.1)
Concurrent PC DOS 3.2 (BDOS 3.2) (Concurrent DOS variant for IBM compatible PCs)
DOS Plus 1.1, 1.2 (BDOS 4.1), 2.1 (BDOS 5.0) (single-user, multi-tasking system derived from Concurrent DOS 4.1-5.0)
Concurrent DOS 8-16 (dual-processor variant of Concurrent DOS for 8086 and 8080 CPUs)
Concurrent DOS 286 1.x
FlexOS 1.00-2.34 (derivative of Concurrent DOS 286)
FlexOS 186 (variant of FlexOS for terminals)
FlexOS 286 (variant of FlexOS for hosts)
Siemens S5-DOS/MT (industrial control system based on FlexOS)
IBM 4680 OS (POS operating system based on FlexOS)
IBM 4690 OS (POS operating system based on FlexOS)
Toshiba 4690 OS (POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS)
FlexOS 386 (later variant of FlexOS for hosts)
IBM 4690 OS (POS operating system based on FlexOS)
Toshiba 4690 OS (POS operating system based on IBM 4690 OS and FlexOS)
Concurrent DOS 386 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 3.0 (BDOS 5.0-6.2)
Concurrent DOS 386/MGE (Concurrent DOS 386 variant with advanced graphics terminal capabilities)
Multiuser DOS 5.0, 5.01, 5.1 (BDOS 6.3-6.6) (successor of Concurrent DOS 386)
CCI Multiuser DOS 5.0-7.22 (up to BDOS 6.6)
Datapac Multiuser DOS
Datapac System Manager 7 (derivative of Datapac Multiuser DOS)
Novell Open Enterprise Server – Open Source networking OS by Novell. Can incorporate either SUSE Linux or Novell NetWare as its kernel
Plan 9 – distributed OS developed at Bell Labs, based on Unix design principles but not functionally identical
Inferno – distributed OS derived from Plan 9, originally from Bell Labs
TurboDOS – by Software 2000, Inc.
Generic, commodity, and other
BLIS/COBOL
A2 formerly named Active Object System (AOS), and then Bluebottle (a concurrent and active object update to the Oberon operating system)
BS1000 by Siemens AG
BS2000 by Siemens AG, now BS2000/OSD from Fujitsu-Siemens Computers (formerly Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme)
BS3000 by Siemens AG (functionally similar to OS-IV and MSP from Fujitsu)
Contiki for various, mostly 8-bit systems, including the Apple II series, the Atari 8-bit family, and some Commodore machines.
FLEX9 (by Technical Systems Consultants (TSC) for Motorola 6809 based machines; successor to FLEX, which was for Motorola 6800 CPUs)
Graphics Environment Manager (GEM) (windowing GUI for CP/M, DOS, and Atari TOS)
GEOS (popular windowing GUI for PC, Commodore, Apple computers)
JavaOS
JNode (Java New Operating System Design Effort), written 99% in Java (native compiled), provides own JVM and JIT compiler. Based on GNU Classpath.[17][18]
JX Java operating system that focuses on a flexible and robust operating system architecture developed as an open source system by the University of Erlangen.
OSD/XC by Fujitsu-Siemens (BS2000 ported to an emulation on a Sun SPARC platform)
OS-IV by Fujitsu (based on early versions of IBM's MVS)
Pick (often licensed and renamed)
PRIMOS by Prime Computer (sometimes spelled PR1MOS and PR1ME)
Sinclair QDOS (multitasking for the Sinclair QL computer)
SSB-DOS (by Technical Systems Consultants (TSC) for Smoke Signal Broadcasting; a variant of FLEX in most respects)
SymbOS (GUI based multitasking operating system for Z80 computers)
Symobi (GUI based modern micro-kernel OS for x86, ARM and PowerPC processors, developed by Miray Software; used and developed further at Technical University of Munich)
TripOS, 1978
TurboDOS (Software 2000, Inc.)
UCSD p-System (portable complete programming environment/operating system/virtual machine developed by a long running student project at UCSD; directed by Prof Kenneth Bowles; written in Pascal)
VOS by Stratus Technologies with strong influence from Multics
VOS3 by Hitachi for its IBM-compatible mainframes, based on IBM's MVS
VM2000 by Siemens AG
Visi On (first GUI for early PC machines; not commercially successful)
VPS/VM (IBM based, main operating system at Boston University for over 10 years.)
Hobby
AROS – AROS Research Operating System (formerly known as Amiga Research Operating System)
AtheOS – branched to become Syllable Desktop
Syllable Desktop – a modern, independently originated OS; see AtheOS
QNX – Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market.[23]
REX OS – microkernel OS; usually an embedded cell phone OS
RIOT
ROM-DOS
TinyOS
ThreadX
RT-Thread
DSPnano RTOS
Windows IoT – formerly Windows Embedded
Windows CE
Windows IoT Core
Windows IoT Enterprise
Wind River VxWorks – Small footprint, scalable, high-performance RTOS for embedded microprocessor based systems.[6]
Wombat OS – microkernel OS; usually a real time embedded OS
Zephyr
LEGO Mindstorms
brickOS
leJOS
Capability-based
Cambridge CAP computer – operating system demonstrated the use of security capabilities, both in hardware and software, also a useful fileserver, implemented in ALGOL 68C
Flex machine – Custom microprogrammable hardware, with an operating system, (modular) compiler, editor, * garbage collector and filing system all written in ALGOL 68.
HYDRA – Running on the C.mmp computer at Carnegie Mellon University, implemented in the programming language BLISS[24]
^"Despite its name suggesting some similarity to Unix, Xinu is a different type of operating system, written with no knowledge of the Unix source code, or compatibility goals. It uses different abstractions, and system calls, some with names matching those of Unix, but different semantics."
Garfinkel, Simson; Spafford, Gene; Schwartz, Alan (2003). Practical UNIX and Internet Security. O'Reilly. p. 19.
35:35
