The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library. Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of the Java language has been governed by the Java Community Process (JCP), which uses Java Specification Requests (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform. The language is specified by the Java Language Specification (JLS); changes to the JLS are managed under JSR 901.
In addition to the language changes, other changes have been made to the Java Class Library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in JDK 1.0 to over three thousand in J2SE 5. Entire new APIs, such as Swing and Java2D, have been introduced, and many of the original JDK 1.0 classes and methods have been deprecated. Some programs allow conversion of Java programs from one version of the Java platform to an older one (for example Java 5.0 backported to 1.4) (see Java backporting tools).
Regarding Oracle Java SE Support Roadmap,[1] version 11 is the currently supported long-term support (LTS) version, together with Java 8 LTS, where Oracle Customers will receive Oracle Premier Support. Java 8 LTS last free software public update for commercial use was released by Oracle in January 2019, while Oracle continues to release no-cost public Java 8 updates for development[1] and personal use indefinitely.[2] Java 10 a previously supported rapid release version, had its support ended in September 2018 the same date support for Java 11 began. Java 7 is no longer publicly supported. For Java 11, long-term support will not be provided by Oracle for the public; instead, the broader OpenJDK community, as AdoptOpenJDK or others, is expected to perform the work.[3]
Java 16 General Availability occurred on March 16, 2021, with Java 17 now also in development.[4]
Version | Release date |
End of Free Public Updates[1][5][6][7] |
Extended Support Until |
---|---|---|---|
JDK Beta | 1995 | ? | ? |
JDK 1.0 | January 1996 | ? | ? |
JDK 1.1 | February 1997 | ? | ? |
J2SE 1.2 | December 1998 | ? | ? |
J2SE 1.3 | May 2000 | ? | ? |
J2SE 1.4 | February 2002 | October 2008 | February 2013 |
J2SE 5.0 | September 2004 | November 2009 | April 2015 |
Java SE 6 | December 2006 | April 2013 | December 2018 December 2023, paid support for Zulu[8] |
Java SE 7 | July 2011 | April 2015 | July 2022 |
Java SE 8 (LTS) | March 2014 | January 2019 for Oracle (commercial) December 2030 for Oracle (non-commercial) December 2030 for Zulu At least May 2026 for AdoptOpenJDK At least May 2026 for Amazon Corretto |
December 2030 |
Java SE 9 | September 2017 | March 2018 for OpenJDK | N/A |
Java SE 10 | March 2018 | September 2018 for OpenJDK | N/A |
Java SE 11 (LTS) | September 2018 | September 2027 for Zulu At least October 2024 for AdoptOpenJDK At least September 2027 for Amazon Corretto |
September 2026, or September 2027 for Zulu,[8] e.g. |
Java SE 12 | March 2019 | September 2019 for OpenJDK | N/A |
Java SE 13 | September 2019 | March 2020 for OpenJDK | N/A |
Java SE 14 | March 2020 | September 2020 for OpenJDK | N/A |
Java SE 15 | September 2020 | March 2021 for OpenJDK, March 2023 for Zulu[8] | N/A |
Java SE 16 | March 2021 | September 2021 for OpenJDK | N/A |
Java SE 17 (LTS) | September 2021 | September 2030 for Zulu | TBA |
Legend: Old version Older version, still maintained Latest version Future release |
In September 2017, Mark Reinhold, chief Architect of the Java Platform, proposed to change the release train to "one feature release every six months" rather than the current two-year schedule,[9][10] and later the proposal took effect.
Released | January 23, 1996 |
---|
The first version was released on January 23, 1996.[11][12] The first stable version, JDK 1.0.2, is called Java 1.[12]
Released | February 19, 1997 |
---|
Major additions in the release on February 19, 1997 included:[13]
Codename | Playground |
---|---|
Released | December 8, 1998 |
Codename Playground
The release on December 8, 1998 and subsequent releases through J2SE 5.0 were rebranded retrospectively Java 2 and the version name "J2SE" (Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition) replaced JDK to distinguish the base platform from J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition) and J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition). This was a very significant release of Java as it tripled the size of the Java platform to 1520 classes in 59 packages. Major additions included:[15]
strictfp
keywordCodename | Kestrel |
---|---|
Released | May 8, 2000 |
Codename Kestrel
The most notable changes in the May 8, 2000 release were:[16][17]
Codename | Merlin |
---|---|
Released | February 6, 2002 |
End of public support | October 2008 |
End of paid support | February 2013 |
Codename Merlin
The February 6, 2002 release was the first release of the Java platform developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 59. Major changes included:[18][19]
assert
keyword (specified in JSR 41)java.util.prefs
)Public support and security updates for Java 1.4 ended in October 2008. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in February 2013.[20]
Codename | Tiger |
---|---|
Released | September 30, 2004 |
End of public support | November 2009 |
End of paid support | April 2015 |
Codename Tiger
The release on September 30, 2004 was originally numbered 1.5, which is still used as the internal version number. The number was changed to "better reflect the level of maturity, stability, scalability and security of the J2SE".[21] This version was developed under JSR 176.
J2SE 5.0 entered its end-of-public-updates period on April 8, 2008; updates are no longer available to the public as of November 3, 2009. Updates were available to paid Oracle customers until May 2015.[1]
Tiger added a number of significant new language features:[22][23]
int
) and primitive wrapper classes (such as Integer
) (specified by JSR 201)enum
keyword creates a typesafe, ordered list of values (such as Day.MONDAY
, Day.TUESDAY
, etc.); previously this could only be achieved by non-typesafe constant integers or manually constructed classes (typesafe enum pattern) (specified by JSR 201)void drawtext(String... lines)
); in the calling code any number of parameters of that type can be used and they are then placed in an array to be passed to the method, or alternatively the calling code can pass an array of that typefor each
loop: the for
loop syntax is extended with special syntax for iterating over each member of either an array or any Iterable
, such as the standard Collection
classes (specified by JSR 201)There were also the following improvements to the standard libraries:
java.util.concurrent
[25]Java 5 is the last release of Java to officially support Microsoft Windows 98 and Windows ME,[26] while Windows Vista was the newest version of Windows that J2SE 5 was supported on prior to Java 5 going end-of-life in October of 2009.[20]
Java 5 Update 5 (1.5.0_05) is the last release of Java to work on Windows 95 (with Internet Explorer 5.5 installed) and Windows NT 4.0.[27]
Java 5 was first available on Apple Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger)[28] and was the default version of Java installed on Apple Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard).
Public support and security updates for Java 1.5 ended in November 2009. Paid security updates for Oracle customers ended in April 2015.
This version introduced a new versioning system for the Java language, although the old versioning system continued to be used for developer libraries:
Both version numbers "1.5.0" and "5.0" are used to identify this release of the Java 2 Platform Standard Edition. Version "5.0" is the product version, while "1.5.0" is the developer version. The number "5.0" is used to better reflect the level of maturity, stability, scalability and security of the J2SE.
This correspondence continued through later releases (Java 6 = JDK 1.6, Java 7 = JDK 1.7, and so on).
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 5 | 2004-10-04 | Metadata, generic types, autoboxing and auto-unboxing of primitive types, enhanced for loop, enumerated types, static import, formatted I/O, varargs, and concurrency utilities. Improved startup time and memory footprint. Sharing of read-only data between multiple running JVMs. Remote monitoring and management. A new JVM profiling API. Programmatic generation of stack traces. Support for XML 1.1 with Namespaces, XML Schema, SAX 2.0.2, DOM Level 3, and XSLT with a fast XSLTC compiler. Unicode 4.0 support.
|
Java SE 5 Update 1 | 2004-12-25 | 50 bugs have been fixed. |
Java SE 5 Update 2 | 2005-03-16 | A few crashes were fixed. The program is now compiled with better optimization. Calendar bugfixes and other bugfixes were made. |
Java SE 5 Update 3 | 2005-05-03 | This release fixes several bugs, including crashes of the Linux Mozilla plugin. |
Java SE 5 Update 4 | 2005-07-04 | With the release, J2SE support for Windows 64-bit has progressed from release candidate to final release. This version runs on AMD64/EM64T 64-bit mode machines with Windows Server 2003 x64 Editions. |
Java SE 5 Update 5 | 2005-09-18 | Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made. Last release for Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0. |
Java SE 5 Update 6 | 2005-12-07 | Prior to this update, an applet or application could specify the version of the JRE on which it would run. This has changed. All applets are executed with the latest JRE version. |
Java SE 5 Update 7 | 2006-05-29 | Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made. |
Java SE 5 Update 8 | 2006-08-13 | Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made. |
Java SE 5 Update 9 | 2006-11-12 | This release fixes several minor regressions. |
Java SE 5 Update 10 | 2006-12-22 | An implementation of the epoll I/O event notification facility, supported by Linux 2.6, was added. Many bugs were fixed. |
Java SE 5 Update 11 | 2007-03-08 | Several bugs were fixed and performance enhancements were made. |
Java SE 5 Update 12 | 2007-06-11 | |
Java SE 5 Update 13 | 2007-10-05 | Multiple security vulnerabilities in Java Web Start relating to local file access were fixed. A security vulnerability in the JRE allowing network access restrictions to be circumvented was fixed. Several other security issues and minor bugs were fixed. |
Java SE 5 Update 14 | ||
Java SE 5 Update 15 | 2008-03-06 | Several crashes due to heap buffer out-of-bounds were fixed, along with several other bugs. New root certificates from AOL, DigiCert, and TrustCenter are now included. |
Java SE 5 Update 16 | 2008-07-23 | This release fixes several security flaws, such as DoS vulnerabilities, buffer overflows, and other bugs which could lead to crashes or which would give applets access to certain system resources. These vulnerabilities were located in Java Web Start, in the Java Management Extensions (JMX) Management Agent, and in the functions for handling XML data. |
Java SE 5 Update 17 | 2008-12-03 | The UTF-8 charset implementation was updated to handle the non-shortest form of UTF-8 byte sequences, introducing an incompatibility from previous releases. New root certificates were added. Many bugs were fixed. |
Java SE 5 Update 18 | 2009-03-25 | Several security issues were resolved. The behavior of the JNDI feature to store and retrieve Java objects in an LDAP directory was slightly modified. Five new root certificates were added. Many bugs were fixed. |
Java SE 5 Update 19 | 2009-05-29 | Support was added for several system configurations. Service Tag support was added. Many bugs were fixed, including several crashes and memory leaks. |
Java SE 5 Update 20 | 2009-08-06 | Several security vulnerabilities were resolved, such as potential system access by untrusted applets, and integer overflows in image processing and in Unpack200. Several new root certificates were added. Many other minor bugs were fixed. |
Java SE 5 Update 21 | 2009-09-09 | Many minor bugs were fixed. |
Java SE 5 Update 22 | 2009-11-04 | This release marks the End of Service Life (EOSL) for Java 5, and is its final public version. Several security vulnerabilities, reported as Sun Alerts 269868, 270474, 270475, and 270476, were fixed. Several other bugs were fixed. Furthermore, two new root certificates were added. |
Java SE 5 Update 23 | 2010-01-13 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 32 security fixes. |
Java SE 5 Update 24 | 2010-04-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 2 security fixes. |
Java SE 5 Update 25 | 2010-07-07 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 26 security fixes. |
Java SE 5 Update 26 | 2010-10-12 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 2 security fixes. |
Java SE 5 Update 27 | 2010-12-08 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 22 security fixes. |
Java SE 5 Update 28 | 2011-02-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 22 security fixes[30] |
Java SE 5 Update 29 | 2011-03-21 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 21 security fixes. |
Java SE 5 Update 30 | 2011-06-07 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix. |
Java SE 5 Update 31 | 2011-08-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 10 security fixes. |
Java SE 5 Update 32 | 2011-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 20 security fixes[31] |
Java SE 5 Update 33 | 2011-12-12 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 21 security fixes. |
Java SE 5 Update 34 | 2012-02-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes[32] |
Java SE 5 Update 35 | 2012-04-26 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes. |
Java SE 5 Update 36 | 2012-06-12 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes[33] |
Java SE 5 Update 38 | 2012-08-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 30 security fixes[34] |
Java SE 5 Update 39 | 2013-02-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 50 security fixes[35] |
Java SE 5 Update 40 | 2013-02-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes[36] |
Java SE 5 Update 41 | 2013-03-04 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 2 security fixes[37] |
Java SE 5 Update 45 | 2013-04-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 42 security fixes[38] |
Java SE 5 Update 51 | 2013-06-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 40 security fixes[39] |
Java SE 5 Update 55 | 2013-10-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 51 security fixes[40] |
Java SE 5 Update 61 | 2014-01-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 36 security fixes[41] |
Java SE 5 Update 65 | 2014-04-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 37 security fixes[42] |
Java SE 5 Update 71 | 2014-07-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 20 security fixes[43] |
Java SE 5 Update 75 | 2014-10-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 25 security fixes[44] |
Java SE 5 Update 81 | 2015-01-21 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 19 security fixes[45] |
Java SE 5 Update 85 | 2015-04-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes[46] |
Codename | Mustang |
---|---|
Released | November 11, 2006 |
End of public support | February 2013 |
Codename Mustang
As of the version released on December 11, 2006, Sun replaced the name "J2SE" with Java SE and dropped the ".0" from the version number.[47] Internal numbering for developers remains 1.6.0.[48]
This version was developed under JSR 270.
During the development phase, new builds including enhancements and bug fixes were released approximately weekly. Beta versions were released in February and June 2006, leading up to a final release that occurred on December 11, 2006.
Major changes included in this version:[49][50]
Java 6 can be installed to Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) running on 64-bit (Core 2 Duo and higher) processor machines.[54] Java 6 is also supported by both 32-bit and 64-bit machines running Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard).
Java 6 reached the end of its supported life in February 2013, at which time all public updates, including security updates, were scheduled to be stopped.[55][56] Oracle released two more updates to Java 6 in March and April 2013, which patched some security vulnerabilities.[57][58]
After Java 6 release, Sun, and later Oracle, released several updates which, while not changing any public API, enhanced end-user usability or fixed bugs.[59]
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 6 | 2006-12-23 | This release adds many enhancements in the fields of Web services, scripting, databases, pluggable annotations, and security, as well as quality, compatibility, and stability. JConsole is now officially supported. Java DB support has been added. |
Java SE 6 Update 1 | 2007-05-07 | |
Java SE 6 Update 2 | 2007-07-03 | |
Java SE 6 Update 3 | 2007-10-03 | |
Java SE 6 Update 4 | 2008-01-14 | HotSpot VM 10 |
Java SE 6 Update 5 | 2008-03-05 | Several security flaws were eliminated. New root certificates from AOL, DigiCert, and TrustCenter are now included. |
Java SE 6 Update 6 | 2008-04-16 | A workaround for the infamous Xlib/XCB locking assertion issue was introduced. A memory leak when using Kerberos authentication with LoginContext was fixed. Several other bugs were fixed. |
Java SE 6 Update 7[60] | Unofficially, Java SE 6 Update 7 (1.6.0.7) is the last version of Java that was shown to be working on the Win9x family of operating systems[citation needed] | |
Java SE 6 Update 10[61] | 2008-10-15 | HotSpot VM 11. Major changes for this update include:
|
Java SE 6 Update 11[63] | 2008-12-03 | 13 security fixes[64] |
Java SE 6 Update 12[65] | 2008-12-12 | No security fixes; 64-bit Java plug-in (for 64-bit web browsers only); Windows Server 2008 support; performance improvements of graphics and JavaFX applications |
Java SE 6 Update 13[66] | 2009-03-24 | 7 security fixes, JNDI store and retrieve Java objects in LDAP slightly modified, JMX Change (createMBeanunregisterMBean), 4 new root certificates added |
Java SE 6 Update 14[67] | 2009-05-28 | HotSpot VM 14. This release includes extensive performance updates to the JIT compiler, compressed pointers for 64-bit machines, as well as support for the G1 (Garbage First) low-pause garbage collector.[68][69] The Some developers have noticed an issue introduced in this release which causes debuggers to miss breakpoints seemingly randomly.[71] Sun has a corresponding bug, which is tracking the issue. The workaround applies to the Client and Server VMs.[72] Using the |
Java SE 6 Update 15 | 2009-08-04 | Introduced patch-in-place functionality[73] |
Java SE 6 Update 16 | 2009-08-11 | Fixed the issue introduced in update 14 which caused debuggers to miss breakpoints[74] |
Java SE 6 Update 17[75] | 2009-11-04 | Security fixes; two new root certificates |
Java SE 6 Update 18[76] | 2010-01-13 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 16; support for Ubuntu 8.04 LTS Desktop Edition, SLES 11, Windows 7, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.3, Firefox 3.6, VisualVM 1.2; updated Java DB; many performance improvements |
Java SE 6 Update 19[77] | 2010-03-30 | Security fixes; root certificate changes: seven new, three removed, five replaced with stronger signature algorithms; interim fix for TLS renegotiation attack |
Java SE 6 Update 20[78] | 2010-04-15 | 2 security fixes |
Java SE 6 Update 21[79] | 2010-07-07 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 17; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 and 5.5, Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.8, 5.4, 5.5; Google Chrome 4 support; support for Customized Loading Progress Indicators; VisualVM 1.2.2 |
Java SE 6 Update 22[80] | 2010-10-12 | 29 security fixes; RFC 5746 support |
Java SE 6 Update 23[81] | 2010-12-08 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 19; better support for right-to-left languages |
Java SE 6 Update 24[82] | 2011-02-15 | 21 security fixes; updated Java DB |
Java SE 6 Update 25 | 2011-03-21 | No security fixes; Hotspot VM 20; support for Internet Explorer 9, Firefox 4 and Chrome 10; improved BigDecimal; includes "tiered" compilation in the Server VM that enables it to start quickly as does the Client VM, while achieving better peak performance (this feature is enabled by specifying -server and -XX:+TieredCompilation command options)[83] |
Java SE 6 Update 26[84] | 2011-06-07 | 17 new security fixes;[85] last version compatible with Windows Vista SP1 |
Java SE 6 Update 27[86] | 2011-08-16 | No security fixes; certification for Firefox 5 |
Java SE 6 Update 29[87] | 2011-10-18 | 20 security fixes, various bug fixes[88] |
Java SE 6 Update 30[89] | 2011-12-12 | No security fixes; fix for SSL regression in Update 29; support for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 |
Java SE 6 Update 31[90] | 2012-02-14 | 14 security fixes and one bug fix; last version work reliably for Windows 2000[91] |
Java SE 6 Update 32[92] | 2012-04-26 | No security fixes, various bug fixes |
Java SE 6 Update 33[93] | 2012-06-12 | 14 security fixes, improved VM configuration file loading |
Java SE 6 Update 34[94] | 2012-08-14 | No security fixes, various bug fixes |
Java SE 6 Update 35[95] | 2012-08-30 | Contains a security-in-depth fix[96] |
Java SE 6 Update 37[97] | 2012-10-16 | 30 security fixes |
Java SE 6 Update 38[98] | 2012-12-11 | Various bug fixes[99] |
Java SE 6 Update 39[100] | 2013-02-01 | 50 security fixes |
Java SE 6 Update 41[101] | 2013-02-19 | 5 security fixes |
Java SE 6 Update 43[102] | 2013-03-04 | 2 security fixes |
Java SE 6 Update 45[103] | 2013-04-16 | 42 security fixes;[104] other changes;[103] final public update.[105] |
Java SE 6 Update 51[106] | 2013-06-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; up to 40 security fixes[107] |
Java SE 6 Update 65[108] | 2013-10-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Apple Update for OS X Snow Leopard, Lion & Mountain Lion; at least 11 critical security fixes[109] |
Java SE 6 Update 71[110] | 2014-01-14 | Not available for public download; 33 fixes[111] |
Java SE 6 Update 75[112] | 2014-04-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster no. #54; 25 security fixes[113] |
Java SE 6 Update 81[114] | 2014-07-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes[115] |
Java SE 6 Update 85[116] | 2014-10-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 security fixes[117] |
Java SE 6 Update 91[118] | 2015-01-21 | Linux x64 and Windows i586 versions are available as the Java SE 6 Reference Implementation.[119] Other versions are only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes[120] |
Java SE 6 Update 95 | 2015-04-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 14 security fixes[121] |
Java SE 6 Update 101 | 2015-07-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 18 security fixes[122] Certification for IE 10 and 11 was introduced in 1.6.0_101 |
Java SE 6 Update 105 | 2015-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 17 security fixes[123] |
Java SE 6 Update 111 | 2016-01-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes[124] |
Java SE 6 Update 113 | 2016-02-05 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix[125] |
Java SE 6 Update 115 | 2016-04-21 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes[126] |
Java SE 6 Update 121 | 2016-07-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes[127] |
Java SE 6 Update 131 | 2016-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes[128] |
Java SE 6 Update 141 | 2017-01-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 17 security fixes[129] |
Java SE 6 Update 151 | 2017-04-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 10 security fixes[130] |
Java SE 6 Update 161 | 2017-07-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes[131] |
Java SE 6 Update 171 | 2017-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 7 security fixes[132] |
Java SE 6 Update 181 | 2018-01-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes[133] |
Java SE 6 Update 191 | 2018-04-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 7 security fixes[134] |
Java SE 6 Update 201 | 2018-07-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 3 security fixes[135] |
Java SE 6 Update 211 | 2018-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes[136] |
Codename | Dolphin |
---|---|
Released | July 7, 2013 |
End of public support | April 2015 |
End of paid support | June 2022 |
Java 7 (codename Dolphin[137]) is a major update that was launched on July 7, 2011[138] and was made available for developers on July 28, 2011.[139] The development period was organized into thirteen milestones; on June 6, 2011, the last of the thirteen milestones was finished.[139][140] On average, 8 builds (which generally included enhancements and bug fixes) were released per milestone. The feature list at the OpenJDK 7 project lists many of the changes.
Additions in Java 7 include:[141]
invokedynamic
bytecode under JSR-292,[142] following the prototyping work currently done on the Multi Language Virtual Machine-XX:+UseCompressedOops
)[144]java.nio.file
, java.nio.file.attribute
and java.nio.file.spi
[154][155]Lambda (Java's implementation of lambda functions), Jigsaw (Java's implementation of modules), and part of Coin were dropped from Java 7, and released as part of Java 8 (except for Jigsaw, which was released in Java 9).[158][159]
Java 7 was the default version to download on java.com from April 2012 until Java 8 was released.[160]
Oracle issued public updates to the Java 7 family on a quarterly basis[161] until April 2015 when the product reached the end of its public availability.[162] Further updates for JDK 7, which are scheduled to continue until Jul 2022, are only made available to customers with a support contract.[163]
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 7[164] | 2011-07-28 | Initial release; HotSpot VM 21 |
Java SE 7 Update 1[165] | 2011-10-18 | 20 security fixes, other bug fixes |
Java SE 7 Update 2[166] | 2011-12-12 | No security fixes; HotSpot VM 22; reliability and performance improvements; support for Solaris 11 and Firefox 5 and later; JavaFX included with Java SE JDK, improvements for web-deployed applications |
Java SE 7 Update 3[167] | 2012-02-14 | 14 security fixes[168] |
Java SE 7 Update 4[169] | 2012-04-26 | No security updates; HotSpot VM 23; JDK Support for Mac OS X |
Java SE 7 Update 5[170] | 2012-06-12 | 14 security fixes[171] |
Java SE 7 Update 6[172] | 2012-08-14 | JavaFX and Java Access Bridge included in Java SE JDK and JRE installation, JavaFX support for touch-enabled monitors and touch pads, JavaFX support for Linux, JDK and JRE Support for Mac OS X, JDK for Linux on ARM[173] |
Java SE 7 Update 7[174] | 2012-08-30 | 4 security fixes[96] |
Java SE 7 Update 9[175] | 2012-10-16 | 30 security vulnerabilities fixes[176] |
Java SE 7 Update 10[177] | 2012-12-11 | New security features, such as the ability to disable any Java application from running in the browser and new dialogs to warn you when the JRE is insecure, and bug fixes |
Java SE 7 Update 11[178] | 2013-01-13 | Olson Data 2012i; bugfix for problems with registration of plugin on systems with Stand-alone version of JavaFX Installed, security fixes for CVE-2013-0422;[179] the default security level for Java applets and web start applications has been increased from "Medium" to "High" |
Java SE 7 Update 13[180] | 2013-02-01 | 50 security fixes |
Java SE 7 Update 15[181] | 2013-02-19 | 5 security fixes |
Java SE 7 Update 17[182] | 2013-03-04 | 2 security fixes |
Java SE 7 Update 21[183] | 2013-04-16 | Multiple changes including 42 security fixes, a new Server JRE that doesn't include the plug-in, and the JDK for Linux on ARM |
Java SE 7 Update 25[184] | 2013-06-18 | Multiple changes including 40 security fixes[107][185] |
Java SE 7 Update 40[186] | 2013-09-10 | 621 bug fixes,[187] New security features, hardfloat ARM, Java Mission Control 5.2 and Retina Display support[188] |
Java SE 7 Update 45[189] | 2013-10-15 | 51 security fixes;[109] protections against unauthorized redistribution of Java applications; restore security prompts; JAXP changes; TimeZone.setDefault change |
Java SE 7 Update 51[190] | 2014-01-14 | 36 security fixes; block JAVA applets without manifest (like Remote console – Java Applet – IBM IMM card, HP iLO card) even if warning dialog is with sentence "will be blocked in next version",[191][192] 17 bug fixes |
Java SE 7 Update 55[193] | 2014-04-15 | 37 security fixes,[113] 19 bug fixes[194] |
Java SE 7 Update 60[195] | 2014-05-28 | Java Mission Control 5.3,[196] 130 bug fixes[197] |
Java SE 7 Update 65[198] | 2014-07-15 | 18 bug fixes[199] |
Java SE 7 Update 67[200] | 2014-08-04 | 1 bug fix[200] |
Java SE 7 Update 71[201] | 2014-10-14 | 16 bug fixes[202] |
Java SE 7 Update 72[203] | 2014-10-14 | Same release date with Update 71 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7,[204] 36 bug fixes[205] |
Java SE 7 Update 75[206] | 2015-01-20 | 12 bug fixes,[207] SSLv3 disabled by default |
Java SE 7 Update 76[208] | 2015-01-20 | Same release date with Update 75 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7,[204] 97 bug fixes[209] |
Java SE 7 Update 79[210] | 2015-04-14 | 21 security fixes, 6 bug fixes,[211] |
Java SE 7 Update 80[212] | 2015-04-14 | Last public release of Java 7; same release date with Update 79 as a corresponding Patch Set Update (PSU) for Java SE 7, 104 bug fixes[213] |
Java SE 7 Update 85 | 2015-07-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 25 security fixes[214] |
Java SE 7 Update 91 | 2015-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 20 security fixes[215] |
Java SE 7 Update 95 | 2016-01-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes[216] |
Java SE 7 Update 97 | 2016-02-05 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix[125] |
Java SE 7 Update 99 | 2016-03-23 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fix[217] |
Java SE 7 Update 101 | 2016-04-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 22 security fixes[218] |
Java SE 7 Update 111 | 2016-07-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 36 security fixes[127] |
Java SE 7 Update 121 | 2016-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 32 security fixes[128] |
Java SE 7 Update 131 | 2017-01-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 34 security fixes[129] |
Java SE 7 Update 141 | 2017-04-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes[219] |
Java SE 7 Update 151 | 2017-07-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 4 security fixes[131] |
Java SE 7 Update 161 | 2017-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 4 security fixes[132] |
Java SE 7 Update 171 | 2018-01-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 51 security fixes[133] |
Java SE 7 Update 181 | 2018-04-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes[134] |
Java SE 7 Update 191 | 2018-07-17 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 9 security fixes[135] |
Java SE 7 Update 201 | 2018-10-18 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 13 security fixes[136] |
Java SE 7 Update 211 | 2019-01-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes[220] |
Java SE 7 Update 221 | 2019-04-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 5 security fixes[221] |
Java SE 7 Update 231 | 2019-07-16 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 6 security fixes[222] |
Java SE 7 Update 241 | 2019-10-15 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes[223] |
Java SE 7 Update 251 | 2020-01-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 12 security fixes[224] |
Java SE 7 Update 261 | 2020-04-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 15 security fixes[225] |
Java SE 7 Update 271 | 2020-07-14 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes[226] |
Java SE 7 Update 281 | 2020-10-20 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 8 security fixes[227] |
Java SE 7 Update 291 | 2021-01-19 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 1 security fixes[228] |
Java SE 7 Update 301 | 2021-04-12 | Not available publicly, only available through the Java SE Support program and in Solaris 10's Recommended Patchset Cluster; 11 security fixes[229] |
LTS version | |
Released | March 18, 2014 |
---|---|
No. of JEPs | 8 |
Java 8 was released on March 18, 2014,[230][231] and included some features that were planned for Java 7 but later deferred.[232]
Work on features was organized in terms of JDK Enhancement Proposals (JEPs).[233]
Java 8 is not supported on Windows XP[248] but as of JDK 8 update 25, it can still be installed and run under Windows XP.[249] Previous updates of JDK 8 could be run under XP by downloading archived zip format file and unzipping it for the executable.The last version of Java 8 could run on XP is update 251.But the its components compatibility starts to break on unsupported OS in early build during Java 8 updates development.[citation needed]
From October 2014, Java 8 was the default version to download (and then again the download replacing Java 9) from the official website.[250] "Oracle will continue to provide Public Updates and auto updates of Java SE 8, Indefinitely for Personal Users".[2]
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 8 | 2014-03-18 | Initial release |
Java SE 8 Update 5[251] | 2014-04-15 | Using "* " in Caller-Allowable-Codebase attribute; 11 bug fixes
|
Java SE 8 Update 11[252] | 2014-07-15 | Java Dependency Analysis Tool (jdeps); Java Control Panel option to disable sponsors; JAR file attribute – Entry-Point; JAXP processing limit property – maxElementDepth; 18 security bug fixes,[253] 15 bug fixes |
Java SE 8 Update 20[254] | 2014-08-19 | 669 bug fixes,[255] JMC 5.4, String deduplication (disabled by default) |
Java SE 8 Update 25[256] | 2014-10-14 | 10 bug fixes |
Java SE 8 Update 31[257] | 2015-01-19 | 26 bug fixes; SSLv3 (disabled by default) |
Java SE 8 Update 40[258] | 2015-03-03 | 645 bug fixes,[259] Added the notion of "memory pressure" to help indicate how much of system's memory is still available (low pressure = high memory, high pressure = low memory) |
Java SE 8 Update 45[260] | 2015-04-14 | 13 bug fixes |
Java SE 8 Update 51[261] | 2015-07-14 | Added support for native sandbox on Windows platforms (disabled by default); also, 25 security fixes, 14 bug fixes |
Java SE 8 Update 60[262] | 2015-08-18 | 480 bug fixes[263] |
Java SE 8 Update 65[264] | 2015-10-20 | 25 security fixes, 3 bug fixes |
Java SE 8 Update 66[265] | 2015-11-16 | 15 bug fixes |
Java SE 8 Update 71[266] | 2016-01-19 | 8 security fixes, 5 bug fixes[267] |
Java SE 8 Update 72 | 2016-01-19 | 8 security fixes, 5 bug fixes, several enhancements |
Java SE 8 Update 73[268] | 2016-02-03 | 1 security fix |
Java SE 8 Update 74[269] | 2016-02-03 | 1 security fix |
Java SE 8 Update 77[270] | 2016-03-23 | 1 security fix |
Java SE 8 Update 91[271] | 2016-04-19 | 9 security fixes, 4 bug fixes and enhancements |
Java SE 8 Update 92[272] | 2016-04-19 | Security and bug fixes from 8u91, plus 76 additional bug fixes; the ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and CrashOnOutOfMemoryError flags have been introduced
|
Java SE 8 Update 101[273] | 2016-07-19 | Security and bug fixes from 8u92, plus 9 additional bug fixes |
Java SE 8 Update 102[274] | 2016-07-19 | Security and bug fixes from 8u101, plus 118 additional bug fixes |
Java SE 8 Update 111[275] | 2016-10-18 | 7 Security fixes and 9 bug fixes |
Java SE 8 Update 112[276] | 2016-10-18 | Additional features and 139 bug fixes over 8u111 |
Java SE 8 Update 121[277] | 2017-01-17 | 3 additional features, 5 changes, and 11 bug fixes over 8u112. |
Java SE 8 Update 131[278] | 2017-04-18 | 4 changes and 42 bug fixes (2 notable). |
Java SE 8 Update 141[279] | 2017-07-18 | Additional feature, 3 changes and 12 bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 144[280] | 2017-07-26 | 32 Security fixes and bug fixes from 8u141. |
Java SE 8 Update 151[281] | 2017-10-17 | 22 Security fixes, 2 notes, 1 certificate revocation, 1 new feature, 6 changes and 24 bug fixes from 8u144. |
Java SE 8 Update 152[282] | 2017-10-17 | Security fixes, 1 new feature, 1 change and 238 bug fixes from 8u151 (1 notable). |
Java SE 8 Update 161[283] | 2018-01-16 | 21 Security fixes, 3 new features, 9 changes and 1 bug fix from 8u152. |
Java SE 8 Update 162[284] | 2018-01-16 | Security fixes, 63 bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 171[285] | 2018-04-17 | Security fixes, bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 172[286] | 2018-04-17 | Security fixes, bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 181[287] | 2018-07-17 | Security fixes, bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 191[288] | 2018-10-16 | New features, changes, bug fixes, security fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 192[289] | 2018-10-16 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 201[290] | 2019-01-15 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 202[291] | 2019-01-15 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 211[292] | 2019-04-16 | New features, changes, bug fixes. License Update. |
Java SE 8 Update 212[293] | 2019-04-16 | New features (e.g. 5 currency symbols, including for Bitcoin and "New Japanese Era Name Reiwa"[293]), changes, bug fixes. License Update. |
Java SE 8 Update 221[294] | 2019-07-16 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 231[295] | 2019-10-15 | New features, changes, bug fixes and 18 security fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 241[296] | 2020-01-14 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 251[297] | 2020-04-14 | New features, changes, bug fixes. The last version that was shown to be working on Windows XP unofficially. |
Java SE 8 Update 261[298] | 2020-07-14 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 271[299] | 2020-10-20 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 281[300] | 2021-01-19 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
Java SE 8 Update 291[301] | 2021-04-20 | New features, changes, bug fixes. |
Released | September 21, 2017 |
---|---|
No. of JEPs | 9 |
Java SE 9 was made available on September 21, 2017,[302] due to controversial acceptance of the current implementation of Project Jigsaw by Java Executive Committee,[303] which led Oracle to fix some open issues and concerns, and to refine some critical technical questions. In the last days of June 2017, Java Community Process expressed nearly unanimous consensus on the proposed Module System scheme.[304]
java.util.concurrent.atomic
and sun.misc.Unsafe
operationsFlow
class[308] that included the interfaces previously provided by Reactive Streams[309]The first Java 9 release candidate was released on August 9, 2017.[310] The first stable release of Java 9 was on September 21, 2017.[311]
At JavaOne 2011, Oracle discussed features they hoped to release for Java 9 in 2016.[312] Java 9 should include better support for multi-gigabyte heaps, better native code integration, a different default garbage collector (G1, for "shorter response times")[313] and a self-tuning JVM.[314] In early 2016, the release of Java 9 was rescheduled for March 2017[315] and later again postponed four more months to July 2017.[316]
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 9[317] | 2017-09-21 | Initial release |
Java SE 9.0.1[318] | 2017-10-17 | October 2017 security fixes and critical bug fixes |
Java SE 9.0.4[319] | 2018-01-16 | Final release for JDK 9; January 2018 security fixes and critical bug fixes |
Released | March 20, 2018 |
---|---|
No. of JEPs | 12 |
OpenJDK 10 was released on March 20, 2018, with twelve new features confirmed.[320] Among these features were:
The first of these JEP 286 Local-Variable Type Inference, allows the var
keyword to be used for local variables with the actual type calculated by the compiler. So we can do
var list = new ArrayList<String>(); // infers ArrayList<String>
var stream = list.stream(); // infers Stream<String>
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 10[321] | 2018-03-20 | Initial release |
Java SE 10.0.1[322] | 2018-04-17 | Security fixes, 5 bug fixes[323] |
Java SE 10.0.2[324] | 2018-07-17 | Final release for JDK 10. Security fixes, 7 bug fixes[325] |
LTS version | |
Released | September 25, 2018 |
---|---|
No. of JEPs | 17 |
JDK 11 was released on September 25, 2018 and the version is currently open for bug fixes. It offers LTS, or Long Term Support. Among others, Java 11 includes a number of new features, such as:[326]
A number of features from previous releases were dropped; in particular, Java applets and Java Web Start are no longer available. JavaFX, Java EE and CORBA modules have been removed from JDK[327]
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 11[328] | 2018-09-25 | Initial release |
Java SE 11.0.1[329] | 2018-10-16 | Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 11.0.2[330] | 2019-01-15 | Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 11.0.3[331] | 2019-04-16 | New features, Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 11.0.4[332] | 2019-07-16 | New features, Security & bug fixes;
HotSpot Windows OS Detection Correctly Identifies Windows Server 2019 |
Java SE 11.0.5[333] | 2019-10-15 | New features, Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 11.0.6[334] | 2020-01-14 | New features, Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 11.0.7[335] | 2020-04-14 | New features, Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 11.0.8[336] | 2020-07-14 | New features, Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 11.0.9[337] | 2020-10-20 | New features, Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 11.0.10[338] | 2021-01-19 | New features, Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 11.0.11[339] | 2021-04-20 | New features, Security & bug fixes |
Released | March 19, 2019 |
---|---|
No. of JEPs | 8 |
Preview features | Enhanced switch statements |
JDK 12 was released on March 19, 2019. Among others, Java 12 includes a number of new features, such as:[340]
The preview feature Jep 325 extends the switch
statement so it can be also be used as expression, and add a new form of case label where the right hand side is a expression. No break statement is needed. For complex expressions a yield
statement can be used. This becomes standard in Java SE 14.
int ndays = switch(month) {
case JAN, MAR, MAY, JUL, AUG, OCT, DEC -> 31;
case APR, JUN, SEP, NOV -> 30;
case FEB -> {
if(year % 400 ==0) yield 29;
else if(year % 100 == 0) yield 28;
else if(year % 4 ==0) yield 29;
else yield 28; }
};
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 12[341] | 2019-03-19 | Initial release |
Java SE 12.0.1[342] | 2019-04-16 | New Japanese Era Name & Security fixes |
Java SE 12.0.2[343] | 2019-07-16 | Removed some root CA certificates |
Released | September 17, 2019 |
---|---|
No. of JEPs | 5 |
Preview features | Enhanced switch statements, text blocks |
JDK 13 was released on September 17, 2019. Java 13 includes the following new features, as well as "hundreds of smaller enhancements and thousands of bug fixes".[344]
JEP 355 Text Blocks allows multiline string literals:
String html = """
<HTML lang="en">
<body>
<p>Hello, world</p>
</body>
</html>
""";
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 13[345] | 2019-09-17 | General Availability Release |
Java SE 13.0.1[346] | 2019-10-15 | Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 13.0.2[347] | 2020-01-14 | Security & bug fixes |
Released | March 17, 2020 |
---|---|
No. of JEPs | 16 |
Notable features | Helpful NullPointerExceptions, enhanced switch statements |
Notable removals | Remove Concurrent Mark Sweep garbage collector |
Preview features | Pattern matching for instanceof, records, text blocks |
Incubating features | jpackager, Foreign memory access |
JDK 14 was released on March 17, 2020. Java 14 includes the following new features, as well as "hundreds of smaller enhancements and thousands of bug fixes".[348]
JEP 305, Pattern Matching for instanceof simplifies the common case of an instanceof
test being immediately followed by cast, replacing
if (obj instanceof String) {
String s = (String) obj;
System.out.println( s.length() );
}
with
if (obj instanceof String s) {
System.out.println( s.length() );
}
JEP 359 Records allows easy creation of simple immutible Tuple like classes.
record Point(int x, int y) { }
Point p = new Point(3,4);
System.out.println( p.x() );
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 14[349] | 2020-03-17 | General Availability Release |
Java SE 14.0.1[350] | 2020-04-14 | Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 14.0.2[351] | 2020-07-14 | Security & bug fixes |
Released | September 15, 2020 |
---|---|
No. of JEPs | 14 |
Notable features | Hidden classes, ZGC (garbage collector), Shenandoah (garbage collector), text blocks |
Notable removals | JavaScript engine, Solaris and SPARC ports |
Preview features | Sealed classes, pattern matching of instanceof, records |
Incubating features | Foreign-memory access |
JDK 15 was released on September 15, 2020. Java 15 adds e.g. support for multi-line string literals (aka Text Blocks). The Shenandoah and Z garbage collectors (latter sometimes abbreviated ZGC) are now ready for use in production (i.e. no longer marked experimental). Support for Oracle's Solaris operating system (and SPARC CPUs) is dropped (while still available in e.g. Java 11). The Nashorn JavaScript Engine is removed. Also removed some root CA certificates.
JEP 360 Sealed Classes adds sealed classes and interfaces that restrict which other classes or interfaces may extend or implement them. Only those classes specified in a permits
clause may extend the class or interface.
package com.example.geometry;
public abstract sealed class Shape
permits Circle, Rectangle, Square {...}
Together with records, sealed classes are Algebraic data types, records are product types and sealed classes are sum types. They work well with other recent features like records, switch expressions, and pattern matching for instance-of. They all form part of a system for "Pattern matching in Java" first discussed by Gavin Bierman and Brian Goetz, in September 2018.[352]
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 15[353] | 2020-09-15 | General Availability Release |
Java SE 15.0.1[354] | 2020-10-20 | Security & bug fixes |
Java SE 15.0.2[355] | 2021-01-19 | Security & bug fixes |
Released | March 16, 2021 |
---|---|
No. of JEPs | 17 |
Notable features | Windows/AArch64 Port, jpackager, pattern matching for instanceof, records |
Preview features | Sealed classes |
Incubating features | Foreign linker, Foreign-memory access |
JDK 16 was released on March 16, 2021. Java 16 removes Ahead-of-Time compilation (and Graal JIT) options.[356] The Java implementation itself was and is still written in C++, while as of Java 16, more recent C++14 (but still not e.g. C++17 or C++20) is allowed. The code was also moved to GitHub (dropping the Mercurial source control system).
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Java SE 16[357] | 2021-03-16 | General Availability Release |
Java SE 16.0.1[358] | 2021-04-20 | Timezone database update, bug fixes, and security updates |
LTS version | |
Released | September 2021 |
---|---|
No. of JEPs | 14 |
Notable features | macOS/AArch64 Port, sealed classes |
Notable removals | AOT compiler, RMI activation |
Preview features | Switch pattern matching |
Incubating features | Vector API, Foreign function & memory API |
JDK 17 is the next long-term support (LTS) release now under active development,[359] due out in September 2021 if the current 6-month release cycles continue. Java 17 is expected to be the 2nd long-term support (LTS) release since switching to the new 6-month release cadence (the first being Java 11).
Release | Release date | Highlights |
---|---|---|
Latest Build[360] | 2021-09-xx TBC | Early-Access Builds: Build 15 (2021-03-24) |
The officially supported Java platform, first developed at Sun and now stewarded by Oracle, is Java SE. Releases are based on the OpenJDK project, which is a free and open source project with an open development model. Other Java implementations exist, however—in part due to Java's early history as proprietary software, while some implementations were created to offer some benefits over the standard implementation, often the result of some area of academic or corporate-sponsored research. Many Linux distributions include builds of OpenJDK through the IcedTea project started by Red Hat, which provides an easier build and integration environment.
Visual J++ and the Microsoft Java Virtual Machine were created as incompatible implementations. After the Sun v. Microsoft lawsuit, Microsoft abandoned it and began work on the .NET platform.
Other proprietary Java implementations are available, such as Azul's Zing; additionally, Azul offers certified open source OpenJDK builds under the Zulu moniker.
Prior to the release of OpenJDK, while Sun's implementation was still proprietary, the GNU Classpath project was created to provide a free and open source implementation of the Java platform. Since the release of JDK 7, when OpenJDK became the official reference implementation, the original motivation for the GNU Classpath project almost completely disappeared and its last release was in 2012.
The Apache Harmony project was started shortly before the release of OpenJDK. After Sun's initial source code release, the Harmony project continued, working to provide an implementation under a lax license, in contrast to the protective license chosen for OpenJDK. Google later developed Android and released it under a lax license. Android incorporated parts of the Harmony project, supplemented with Google's own Dalvik virtual machine and ART. Apache Harmony has since been retired, and Google has switched its use of Harmony components with equivalent ones from OpenJDK.
Both Jikes and Jikes RVM are open source research projects that were developed by IBM.
Several other implementations exist that started as proprietary software but are now open source. IBM initially developed OpenJ9 as the proprietary J9,[361] but has since relicensed the project and donated it to the Eclipse Foundation. JRockit is a proprietary implementation that was acquired by Oracle and incorporated into subsequent OpenJDK versions.
The security baselines for the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) at the time of the release of JDK 7u25 are specified in the following table: ... 1.6.0_51
The security baselines for the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) at the time of the release of JDK 7u45 are specified in the following table: ... 1.6.0_65
The security baselines for the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) at the time of the release of JDK 7u51 are specified in the following table: ... 1.6.0_71
After April 2015, Oracle will no longer post updates of Java SE 7 to its public download sites. Existing Java SE 7 downloads already posted as of April 2015 will remain accessible in the Java Archive on the Oracle Technology Network. Developers and end-users are encouraged to update to more recent Java SE versions that remain available for public download in order to continue receiving public updates and security enhancements. [..] July 2015: Updates for Java 7 are no longer available to the public. Oracle offers updates to Java 7 only for customers who have purchased Java support or have Oracle products that require Java 7.
JDK 8 is not supported on Windows XP. Early versions of JDK 8 had known issues with the installer on Windows XP that prevented it from installing without manual intervention. This was resolved in JDK 8 Update 25. The important point here is that we can no longer provide complete guarantees for Java on Windows XP, since the OS is no longer being updated by Microsoft. We strongly recommend that users upgrade to a newer version of Windows that is still supported by Microsoft in order to maintain a stable and secure environment.
By: Wikipedia.org
Edited: 2021-06-18 09:44:31
Source: Wikipedia.org